Tire inflation is correct. Are there any suspension adjustments or other suggestions that would help this situation?
No "adjustments" per se. Things that can make a difference:
* Tire pressure. Lower pressure reduces the effective spring rate of the tire sidewalls, making the tires absorb more of the road imperfections before they're passed onto the car's springs.
* Lubricating the joints in the suspension parts, and making sure the factory didn't over-tighten the pivot bolts. Anything that causes binding/friction in the suspension will reduce the suspension's ability to respond to minor road imperfections leading to a worse ride.
* "unsprung weight" which is the weight of tires,
rims, brake parts, and whatever suspension parts move with the tires. Actually, the ratio of "sprung" to "unsprung" weight is what's important. A heavy car body on light
rims+tires will tend to ride smoother than a lighter weight car or a car with heavier wheels+tires over that same road. Think of it this way: the tire WILL have to move to roll over a bump in the road - that accelerates the tire (and
rim) upwards. Once those parts are moving upwards, they'll have energy (momentum). The suspension springs should flex to allow that motion... but some of the energy will go into the car body since there is nothing preventing it from moving up a little too. The lighter the car the more it'll end up moving too. A heavy tire+
rim will "pick up" a lot of energy going over a bump compared to a light tire+
rim going over the same bump. That energy then moves the body. It's the same as hitting a nail with small or large hammers: if you whack a nail with a light hammer, it's not going to move as far as if you whacked it with a heavy hammer at the same speed. The
wheel+tire moving up is the "hammer." So installing lighter tires and/or
rims can improve the ride by reducing unsprung weight.
* Compliance of the various rubber parts (typically bushings) in the suspension. Production car suspensions use rubber pieces at the pivot points and where the suspension parts bolt to the car body. These rubber parts allow some "mismatch" - manufacturing tolerance, thermal expansion, etc. Also, when the tire hits a bump or pothole, the whole suspension can "give" back or forth slightly thanks to these rubber parts. The softer the rubber, the more they'll absorb before passing disturbances into the car body. Unfortunately, the softer the rubber the sloppier the car handling too: when you move the steering
wheel, if the rubber bushins flex a bit that delays the steering
wheel command to the tires. Race cars eliminate most, if not all, rubber parts to remove as much compliance (and thus delays) as possible. Sports cars have firm bushings to minimize the compliance. Old Cadillacs,
Buicks, Oldsmobiles, etc. had soft bushings which is one reason they "wallowed" like a boat if you tried to make them turn rapidly. A key bushing is the bushing at the top of the spring area: whatever ties the suspension to the car body. These bushings support the majority of the car's weight and do a lot to absorb/dampen the high frequency jitter of bad roads. Tailoring the rubber in these bushings to be soft in the up/down direction but firm in the fore/aft and left/right directions allows a soft ride (by being soft in the up/down direction) while minimizing the steering lag (by being firm in the left/right/fore/aft directions).
Moving up the cost/complexity curve:
* Variable rate springs. Regular car suspension springs are evenly spaced coils. However, you can get springs that have uneven spacing: this results in a spring that is soft near the "average" position for a nice ride over minor (jittery) bumps yet gets stiffer as the
wheel moves more over big bumps. For handling such springs cause a little initial compliance (and thus steering delay) until the vehicle leans over a bit, compressing the spring to the stiffer portion. For the majority of drivers/cars out there, this is a good tradeoff. For all-out sports cars that extra compliance isn't so nice.
* Variable rate dampers (shock absorbers). A vehicle without dampers (i.e. no shocks) will bounce up and down for a long time after hitting any bump: the springs will make the car bounce like a superball. Dampers respond to CHANGES in position (i.e. to rate of motion) so, when the vehicle is bouncing, dampers resist that motion. Dampers can be built that have less resistance at the "average" position so they don't respond much to jittery roads... but, like variable rate springs, they can stiffen at higher
wheel travels.
Air bag suspensions (like the Korean market Genesis) can have non-linear spring and damper characteristics. Plus, the air bag pressures can be adjusted depending on how much weight is in the car. With US-style springs and dampers, the suspension is designed for a fully-loaded car. When nobody is riding in the back seats, and the trunk is empty, the US-spec suspension can be too stiff. Many pick-up trucks, with leaf springs, have "load dependent" spring stiffness. Next time you see a late model pickup that's jacked up a bunch, look at the leaf springs. You'll often see the upper-most spring is separated from the rest if the pickup is empty. The "rest" of the spring leaf pieces are designed for this empty weight. If the truck is loaded, those springs compress until they touch the upper "beefy" spring which then stiffens the whole suspension. Similar idea to the variable spaced coil spring.
mike c.